Adult HIV: Test 1: HIV infection

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HIV is a:

FungusSpirochaeteBacteriumVirus

How does HIV cause disease?

It destroys red cells.It damages the immune system.It damages the liver.It lowers the level of antibodies.

How is HIV usually transmitted from person to person?

By sexual intercourseBy droplet spread (coughing and sneezing)By insect bitesBy donating blood

People with HIV infection:

Are always clinically illCan appear healthyAre only infectious if they have clinical signsAre usually male in Africa

How common is HIV infection in pregnant women in South Africa?

Rare (about 5%)Uncommon (about 15%)Common (about 30%)Very common (about 60%)

When is HIV usually spread from mother to child?

During pregnancyDuring labour and vaginal deliveryDuring exclusive breastfeedingWhile holding, kissing and cuddling the infant

Which test is usually used to screen adults for HIV infection?

VDRL testPCR testp24 antigen testRapid test

Screening tests for HIV infection usually become positive when the person has been infected for:

Six daysSix weeksSix monthsSix years

During the progression of untreated HIV infection the CD4 count:

RisesFallsStays the sameIs not important

In the period soon after a person is infected with HIV the viral load:

Rises rapidlyIncreases only slightlyRemains undetectableDrops

Acute seroconversion illness usually presents with:

A glandular fever-type illnessJaundiceGenital ulcersVaginal or urethral discharge

How long is the latent phase of HIV infection in adults?

Six weeksCommonly three to six monthsAbout one yearUsually five to 10 years

Which clinical sign is common in stage 1 HIV infection?

Night sweatsFeverPersistent generalised lymphadenopathyWeight loss

Which clinical condition is common in stage 2 HIV infection?

Skin rashSevere diarrhoeaExtrapulmonary tuberculosisOral candidiasis (thrush)

Which clinical condition is common in stage 3 HIV infection?

Severe bacterial pneumoniaPneumocyctis pneumoniaNon-Hodgkin’s lymphomaOesophageal candidiasis

Adult patients are said to have AIDS when their HIV infection reaches:

Stage 1Stage 2Stage 3Stage 4

What is a common feature of terminal HIV infection?

A CD4 count above 500 cells/µlMild weight lossDementiaDeafness

Which of the following is an AIDS-defining illness?

Cryptococcal meningitisBacterial meningitisPulmonary tuberculosisShingles (varicella zoster)

Which malignancy is common in patients with advanced HIV infection?

LeukaemiaLung cancerNon-Hodgkin LymphomaBreast cancer

Kaposi’s sarcoma usually presents with:

Blood in the stoolMultiple pink, purple or dark brown, black patches in the skinA severe cough and shortness of breathHeadaches
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